Morpho-Physiological and Anatomical Alterations of Salt-Affected Thompson Seedless Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) to Brassinolide Spraying

Salinity is one of the most critical crises worldwide that ultimately compromises future food security. Brassinosteroids including brassinolide (BL) are a class polyhydroxy steroids phytohormones, play crucial role in several plant metabolic pathways and boost plants’ stress tolerance, but less data accessible on its function salt-affected grapevine. The experiment was conducted throughout 2019 2020 experimental seasons at EL-Baramon farm, Horticulture Research Institute, Mansoura, Egypt, to recognize remediation potential BL (1 2 mg L−1) lightening salinity (NaCl 1000, 2000, 3000 injury Thompson seedless grapevine seedlings (H4 strain) growth physio-anatomical attributes. Data advocated while reduced attributes, applications substantially improved overall performance. significantly decreased photosynthetic pigment, relative water content, ions percentage (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, potassium/sodium ratio). Alternatively, spraying (p ≤ 0.05) increased maintaining favorable ratio increasing percentage. Additionally, levels sodium induce membrane malfunction associated with permeability; conversely, application decreasing permeability non-treated salinized plants. Moreover, and/or antioxidant capacity rising proline accumulation enzyme activities. Anatomically, considerably modified leaf structure; meanwhile, drastically mitigates harmful effects anatomy. cells explained various obvious organelles ultrastructural modifications cellular damage; plants repealed cell organelles. Taken together, BL, especially L−1, has great salt tolerance strain). It improves by sustaining higher pigment concentrations, ion homeostasis, regulating status, stimulating as well anatomical